Events Pre-1600 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch. 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II. 1461 – Edward, Earl of March, is crowned King Edward IV of England. 1495 – A French force heavily defeats a much larger Neapolitan and Spanish army at the battle of Seminara, leading to the creation of the Tercios by Gonzalo de Córdoba. 1519 – Charles V is elected Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. 1575 – Sengoku period of Japan: The combined forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu are victorious in the Battle of Nagashino.
1601–1900 1635 – Guadeloupe becomes a French colony. 1651 – The Battle of Berestechko between Poland and Ukraine starts. 1745 – A New England colonial army captures the French fortifications at Louisbourg (New Style). 1776 – American Revolution: Thomas Jefferson and the Committee of Five present the draft of the United States Declaration of Independence to the Second Continental Congress, which orders it to "lie on the table" for further edits by the assembly. 1776 – American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Sullivan's Island ends with the American victory, leading to the commemoration of Carolina Day. 1776 – American Revolutionary War: Thomas Hickey, Continental Army private and bodyguard to General George Washington, is hanged for mutiny and sedition. 1778 – American Revolutionary War: The American Continentals engage the British in the Battle of Monmouth Courthouse resulting in standstill and British withdrawal under cover of darkness. 1797 – French troops disembark in Corfu, beginning the French rule in the Ionian Islands. 1807 – Second British invasion of the Río de la Plata; John Whitelocke lands at Ensenada on an attempt to recapture Buenos Aires and is defeated by the locals. 1838 – Coronation of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. 1841 – The Paris Opera Ballet premieres Giselle in the Salle Le Peletier. 1855 – Sigma Chi fraternity is founded in North America. 1859 – The first conformation dog show is held in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. 1865 – The Army of the Potomac is disbanded. 1870 – The US Congress establishes the first federal holidays (New Year Day, July 4th, Thanksgiving, and Christmas). 1880 – Australian bushranger Ned Kelly is captured at Glenrowan. 1881 – The Austro–Serbian Alliance of 1881 is secretly signed. 1882 – The Anglo-French Convention of 1882 marks the territorial boundaries between Guinea and Sierra Leone. 1894 – Labor Day becomes an official US holiday. 1895 – The United States Court of Private Land Claims rules James Reavis's claim to Barony of Arizona is "wholly fictitious and fraudulent." 1896 – An explosion in the Newton Coal Company's Twin Shaft Mine in Pittston, Pennsylvania results in a massive cave-in that kills 58 miners.
1901–present 1902 – The U.S. Congress passes the Spooner Act, authorizing President Theodore Roosevelt to acquire rights from Colombia for the Panama Canal. 1904 – The runs aground on Hasselwood Rock in the North Atlantic northwest of Ireland. More than 635 people die during the sinking. 1911 – The Nakhla meteorite, the first one to suggest signs of aqueous processes on Mars, falls to Earth, landing in Egypt. 1914 – Causes of World War I: Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie are assassinated in Sarajevo, beginning the July Crisis and providing the casus belli of World War I. 1917 – World War I: Greece joins the Allied powers. 1919 – The Treaty of Versailles is signed, ending the state of war between Germany and the Allies of World War I. 1921 – Serbian King Alexander I proclaims the new constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, known thereafter as the Vidovdan Constitution. 1922 – The Irish Civil War begins with the shelling of the Four Courts in Dublin by Free State forces. 1926 – Mercedes-Benz is formed by Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz merging their two companies. 1936 – The Japanese puppet state of Mengjiang is formed in northern China. 1940 – Romania cedes Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union after facing an ultimatum. 1942 – World War II: Nazi Germany starts its strategic summer offensive against the Soviet Union, codenamed Case Blue. 1945 – Poland's Soviet-allied Provisional Government of National Unity is formed over a month after V-E Day. 1948 – Cold War: The Tito–Stalin Split results in the expulsion of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia from the Cominform. 1948 – Boxer Dick Turpin beats Vince Hawkins at Villa Park in Birmingham to become the first black British boxing champion in the modern era. 1950 – Korean War: Suspected communist sympathizers (between 60,000 and 200,000) are executed in the Bodo League massacre. 1950 – Korean War: Packed with its own refugees fleeing Seoul and leaving their 5th Division stranded, South Korean forces blow up the Hangang Bridge in an attempt to slow North Korea's offensive. The city falls later that day. 1950 – Korean War: The Korean People's Army kills almost a thousand doctors, nurses, inpatient civilians and wounded soldiers in the Seoul National University Hospital massacre. 1956 – In Poznań, workers from HCP factory go to the streets, sparking one of the first major protests against communist government both in Poland and Europe. 1964 – Malcolm X forms the Organization of Afro-American Unity. 1969 – Stonewall riots begin in New York City, marking the start of the Gay Rights Movement.; ; 1973 – Elections are held for the Northern Ireland Assembly, which will lead to power-sharing between unionists and nationalists in Northern Ireland for the first time. 1976 – The Angolan court sentences US and UK mercenaries to death sentences and prison terms in the Luanda Trial. 1978 – The United States Supreme Court, in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, bars quota systems in college admissions. 1981 – A powerful bomb explodes in Tehran, killing 73 officials of the Islamic Republican Party. 1982 – Aeroflot Flight 8641 crashes in Mazyr, Belarus, killing 132 people. 1987 – For the first time in military history, a civilian population is targeted for chemical attack when Iraqi warplanes bomb the Iranian town of Sardasht. 1989 – On the 600th anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo, Slobodan Milošević delivers the Gazimestan speech at the site of the historic battle. 1997 – Holyfield–Tyson II: Mike Tyson is disqualified in the third round for biting a piece off Evander Holyfield's ear. 2001 – Slobodan Milošević is extradited to the ICTY in The Hague to stand trial. 2004 – Iraq War: Sovereign power is handed to the interim government of Iraq by the Coalition Provisional Authority, ending the U.S.-led rule of that nation. 2009 – Honduran president Manuel Zelaya is ousted by a local military coup following a failed request to hold a referendum to rewrite the Honduran Constitution. This was the start of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis. 2012 – The United States Supreme Court upholds the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act's individual mandate in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius. 2016 – A terrorist attack in Turkey's Istanbul Atatürk Airport kills 42 people and injures more than 230 others.
Births Pre-1600 751 – Carloman I, king of the Franks (died 771) 1243 – Emperor Go-Fukakusa of Japan (died 1304) 1444 – Charlotte, Queen of Cyprus (died 1487) 1476 – Pope Paul IV (died 1559) 1490 – Albert of Brandenburg, German archbishop (died 1545) 1491 – Henry VIII, King of England (died 1547) 1503 – Giovanni della Casa, Italian author and poet (died 1556) 1547 – Cristofano Malvezzi, Italian organist and composer (died 1599) 1557 – Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel, English nobleman (died 1595) 1560 – Giovanni Paolo Lascaris, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller (died 1657) 1573 – Henry Danvers, 1st Earl of Danby, English noble (died 1644) 1577 – Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish painter and diplomat (died 1640) 1582 – William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele, English politician (died 1662)
1601–1900 1604 – Heinrich Albert, German composer and poet (died 1651) 1641 – Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien, consort to King John III Sobieski (died 1716) 1653 – Muhammad Azam Shah, Mughal emperor (died 1707) 1703 – John Wesley, English cleric and theologian (died 1791) 1712 – Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Swiss philosopher and polymath (died 1778) 1719 – Étienne François, duc de Choiseul, French general and politician, Prime Minister of France (died 1785) 1734 – Jean-Jacques Beauvarlet-Charpentier, French organist and composer (died 1794) 1742 – William Hooper, American physician, lawyer, and politician (died 1790) 1824 – Paul Broca, French physician, anatomist, and anthropologist (died 1880) 1825 – Emil Erlenmeyer, German chemist (died 1909) 1831 – Joseph Joachim, Austrian violinist, composer, and conductor (died 1907) 1836 – Emmanuel Rhoides, Greek journalist and author (died 1904) 1844 – John Boyle O'Reilly, Irish-born poet, journalist and fiction writer (died 1890) 1852 – Charles Cruft, English showman, founded Crufts Dog Show (died 1938) 1867 – Luigi Pirandello, Italian dramatist, novelist, and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1936) 1873 – Alexis Carrel, French surgeon and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1944) 1875 – Henri Lebesgue, French mathematician and academic (died 1941) 1879 – Wilhelm Steinkopf, German chemist (died 1949) 1880 – John Meyers, American swimmer and water polo player (died 1971) 1883 – Pierre Laval, French soldier and politician, 101st Prime Minister of France (died 1945) 1884 – Lamina Sankoh, Sierra Leonean banker and politician (died 1964) 1888 – George Challenor, Barbadian cricketer (died 1947) 1888 – Stefi Geyer, Hungarian violinist and educator (died 1956) 1891 – Esther Forbes, American historian and author (died 1968) 1891 – Carl Spaatz, American general (died 1974) 1892 – Carl Panzram, American serial killer (died 1930) 1893 – August Zamoyski, Polish-French sculptor (died 1970) 1894 – Jessie Baetz, Canadian-American artist, composer and pianist (died 1974 or later)New York, Southern District, U.S District Court Naturalization Records, 1824-1946. FamilySearch. Retrieved April 6, 2021.Staff (February 17, 1974). "Rare Exhibit of Toy Soldiers Now Parade in New Paltz Hall". The Kingston Daily Freeman. 1894 – Francis Hunter, American tennis player (died 1981)
1901–present 1902 – Richard Rodgers, American playwright and composer (died 1979) 1906 – Maria Goeppert Mayer, German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1972) 1907 – Jimmy Mundy, American saxophonist and composer (died 1983) 1907 – Yvonne Sylvain, First female Haitian physician (died 1989) 1909 – Eric Ambler, English author and screenwriter (died 1998) 1912 – Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, German physicist and philosopher (died 2007) 1913 – Franz Antel, Austrian director and producer (died 2007) 1913 – George Lloyd, English soldier and composer (died 1998) 1913 – Walter Oesau, German colonel and pilot (died 1944) 1914 – Aribert Heim, Austrian SS physician and Nazi war criminal (died 1992) 1915 – David "Honeyboy" Edwards, American delta blues guitarist (died 2011) 1917 – A. E. Hotchner, American author and playwright (died 2020) 1918 – William Whitelaw, 1st Viscount Whitelaw, Scottish-English politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1999) 1919 – Joseph P. Lordi, American government official (died 1983) 1920 – Clarissa Eden, Spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 2021) 1921 – P. V. Narasimha Rao, Indian lawyer and politician, 9th Prime Minister of India (died 2004) 1923 – Pete Candoli, American trumpet player (died 2008) 1923 – Adolfo Schwelm Cruz, Argentinian racing driver (died 2012) 1923 – Gaye Stewart, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2010)