Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (; formerly Taman Mini "Indonesia Indah" with apostrophes—abbreviated as TMII) is a culture-based recreational area located in East Jakarta, Indonesia. Since July 2021, it is operated by (PT Taman Wisata Candi Borobudur, Prambanan, dan Ratu Boko), a subsidiary of the state-owned tourism holding company InJourney. It was operated by Yayasan Harapan Kita, a foundation established by Siti Hartinah, the first lady during most of the New Order and wife of Suharto, and run by Suharto's descendants since his death until 2021. It has an area of about . The project cost some US$26 million.
The park is a synopsis of Indonesian culture, with virtually all aspects of daily life in Indonesia's 26 (in 1975) provinces encapsulated in separate pavilions with the collections of rumah adat as the example of Indonesian vernacular architecture, clothing, dances and traditions are all depicted impeccably. The park mainly exhibites the physical culture of the nation. Apart from that, there is a lake with a miniature of the archipelago and dancing fountain in the middle of it, cable cars, museums, Keong Emas IMAX cinema (Indonesia's only IMAX cinema until the 2010s), a theater called the Theatre of My Homeland (Teater Tanah Airku) and other recreational facilities which make TMII one of the most popular tourist destinations in the city.History
On 31 December 2014, the World Peace Committee recognized TMII as an International Civilization Park and World Peace Theme Park.
History
The idea of presenting Indonesia on a small scale was conceived by first lady, Siti Hartinah, better known as Tien Suharto. It came about at a convention on 8 Cendana Street on 13 March 1970. Through this recreational site, she hoped to cultivate national pride in more Indonesian people. A project called "Indonesian Miniature Project" was started by Harapan Kita Foundation in 1972. The concept of this culture-based recreational area was inspired by Indonesia's unparalleled natural riches and local folk diversity. Taman Mini Indonesia Indah was eventually inaugurated on 20 April 1975.
In 2011, the operator planned to disburse $35 million for building a new Discovery World theme park. A 2-hectare area was to be built and it was predicted to be operated before the end of 2012. It would serve 100 venues/rides and was predicted to attract 1.2 million visitors from Indonesia and Southeast Asia. However, the project was ultimately cancelled.
In January 2022, the revitalization of TMII was started to support the side event of the 2022 G20 Bali summit in Jakarta, with its new concept named "Indonesia Opera", designed by Urban+. The revitalization focuses on area readjusments and facility improvements. When the revitalization was executed, TMII was still opened to the public, until it was eventually closed on 17 May 2022. Because the new concept has an environmental friendly design, more green spaces were added, so TMII would consist of 70% green spaces and 30% buildings – based on its original masterplan in 1972. Apart from that, visitors are no longer allowed to explore the complex using personal cars or motorcycles, because the park is designated as a low-emission zone. As the alternative, visitors can explore the complex using the available zero-emission vehicles, such as electric microbuses and aeromovels, or renting a bicycle or electric scooters.
TMII was reopened to the public on 31 December 2022 after being chosen as one of the venues for the new year celebration 2023. On 1 September 2023, the revitalization of TMII was inaugurated by President Joko Widodo. The revitalization cost IDR 1.7 trillion, with additional budget from InJourney up to IDR 200 billion.
Characteristics TMII is built on an area of 147 ha, which was originally a stretch of farms and fields. The construction team was able to convert these fields into a suitable location for the construction. The topography of TMII is rather hilly, consistent with what the builders required. The team claimed the advantage of utilizing this uneven terrain was the ability to create interesting and diverse landscapes and enclosures, as well as reflecting the various characteristics of the Indonesian environment.
TMII has four entrance gates: public access are in gate 1 (west) for motorized vehicles and bicycles, and gate 3 (south) for pedestrian and motorized vehicles. Gate 2 (north) and 4 (east) are only for employees. The park currently has 33 pavilions of the provinces of Indonesia, 7 places of worship, 24 parks/open spaces, 17 museums, and 18 amusement rides and other facilities.
Parts of TMII
Pavilions of Indonesian provinces
Since each Indonesian province maintains its own unique and distinct cultures, shelters, attire and dialects, TMII built a model of each of the houses from the provinces. TMII attempted not only to reconstruct the homes, but also to create a realistic model of the environment and shelters of the various people of Indonesia. The venues, which are situated around the main lake in a similar fashion to the different islands of the Indonesian archipelago, are thematically divided into six areas in respect to the main islands of Indonesia; Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan (Borneo), Sulawesi, the Lesser Sunda Islands Each pavilions featured in typical vernacular Indonesian architecture of each provinces. Examples of Indonesian traditional vernacular houses are: Joglo and Omah Kudus Javanese houses of Central Java, East Java, and Yogyakarta pavilion; Minang Rumah Gadang of West Sumatra pavilion; Malay houses of Jambi and Riau provinces; Torajan Tongkonan and Bugis house of South Sulawesi pavilion; and Balinese house compound with intricately carved candi bentar split gate and kori agung gate.
It also displays various traditional costumes, wedding costumes, dance costumes, ethnographic artifacts such as weapons and daily tools, and models of traditional architecture to describe the way of life of its people. Each province's pavilion is also equipped with a small stage, amphitheatre or auditorium for traditional dance performances, traditional music performances or traditional ceremonies that are usually held in Sundays. Some of these pavilions are also equipped with cafeterias featuring traditional Indonesian cuisines and also souvenir shops offering various handicrafts, T-shirts and souvenirs.
Since 1975 until the 2000s, the original design of TMII consisted of a model of the traditional houses (rumah adat) from the provinces of Indonesia, Since Indonesia consists of provinces (in 2004), the new province pavilions of Bangka Belitung, Banten, West Sulawesi, Gorontalo and Riau Islands have been built in northeast part of the park, although the size and area of these pavilions is much smaller than the previous ones.
After the recognition of the Chinese Indonesian culture as an integral part of Indonesian culture in 2000, the Chinese Indonesian pavilion and a confucian temple was built within the park.
Religious buildings The religious buildings of several official faiths is meant to showcase the inter-faiths tolerance and religious harmony of Indonesia. The religious buildings are: Pangeran Diponegoro Mosque Santa Catharina Catholic church Haleluya Protestant church Penataran Agung Kertabhumi Balinese Hindu temple Arya Dwipa Arama Buddhist temple Kong Miao Confucian temple Sasana Adirasa Pangeran Samber Nyawa – It is used for religious activities of all religions and also as a place for inter-faith exchange of ideas.
Gardens and parks There are about ten gardens spread within TMII complex, but most are located primarily on the north and northeast side of the main lake: Orchid Garden Medicinal herbs Garden Cactus Garden Jasmine Garden Keong Emas (Golden Snail) Flower Garden Picnic Park Taman Budaya Tionghoa Indonesia, a Chinese Indonesian cultural park
Taman Burung (Bird Park)
Taman Burung is divided into five exhibits: Kubah barat (West dome) which include birds from the Greater Sunda Islands (Except Sulawesi) and the Lesser Sunda Islands, kubah timur (East dome) which include birds from Sulawesi, the Maluku Islands, and New Guinea, a free ranging river exhibit, raptor aviaries, and other aviaries and exhibits scattered around the park. The park also owns several birds from outside Indonesia, such as birds from China, Africa, Australia, and South America.
Dunia Air Tawar Dunia Air Tawar is the second largest freshwater and brackish themed aquarium in Asia. The aquarium has over 6000 animals from 126 species, including reptiles, amphibian, crustaceans, and fish.
In April 1994, Dunia Air Tawar, known as Taman Aquarium Air Tawar at that time, acquired a pair of wild caught largetooth sawfish from Lake Sentani, which died in 2005, making it the only public aquarium to keep sawfish in Indonesia.
A large featherback kept by Dunia Air Tawar was said to be the extinct Chitala lopis. The individual is a wild caught from West Java.
Indonesia Science Center The Indonesia Science Center ( (PP-IPTEK), ) is a science center located east of the proper, operated by the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). It was inaugurated on 20 April 1991. By late 2011, it has 15 sites with about 300 science tools and visited by 341,000 visitors yearly. The sites are Robotic, Electric and Magnet, Mechanics, Mathematics, etc.
Museums
There are museums at TMII, some of them are managed under the corresponding Ministry or other government agencies; i.e. the Information Museum (Museum Penerangan) is managed by the Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs, the successor of the Department of Information (Departemen Penerangan). The museums are as follows: Indonesia Museum Purna Bhakti Pertiwi Museum Soldiers Museum Stamps Museum Heritage Museum Transportation Museum Museum Electricity & New Energy Museum Information Museum Komodo Indonesian Fauna Museum and Reptile Parks and mammal park. Batik Museum Research & Technology Information Centre Oil & Gas Museum Bayt Al-Quran and Istiqlal Islamic Museum Indonesian Hakka Museum
Theatres Keong Emas (Golden Snail) IMAX Theater Tanah Airku Theater
Monuments, halls, buildings and other exhibits
Kala Makara gates (gapura) at entrance gate 1 Gajah Mada Plaza – With the statue of Gajah Mada, it is built on the former site of the now-demolished Telecommunications Museum Tugu Api Pancasila, the main monument, an obelisk celebrating Pancasila Baluwerti, a twin gate with relief of Indonesian history on its wall Sasono Utomo, an exhibition hall Pendopo Agung Sasono Utomo (Grand Hall), the main building of the hall in Javanese Joglo style Sasono Langen Budoyo, indoor stage and theater Sasono Manganti Sasana Kriya, a multi-purpose function hall Contemporary Art Gallery (CAG) – It displays modern contemporary art to complement the existence of traditional arts. A merchandise store is also located inside the building. It was previously used as the original management office of the park. Park management office Tourist Information Center (TIC) Cokot Sculpture, a display of wooden sculptures by Cokot, a famous Balinese artist The Miniature of Borobudur APEC Memorial Monument and Garden Non-Aligned Nations Friendship Monument and Garden – It is located east of the Indonesia Science Center, which also acts as the main entrance plaza of the science center.