Thermal expansion μm · m−1 · K−1 3 Li lithium use 46 CRC 46 LNG 46 WEL 46 4 Be beryllium use 11.3 CRC 11.3 LNG 11.3 WEL 11.3 5 B boron use 5–7 LNG 5–7 WEL 6 6 C carbon use WEL 7.1 11 Na sodium use 71 CRC 71 LNG 71 WEL 71 12 Mg magnesium use 24.8 CRC 24.8 LNG 24.8 WEL 8.2 13 Al aluminium use 23.1 CRC 23.1 LNG 23.1 WEL 23.1 14 Si silicon use 2.6 WEL 2.6 19 K potassium use 83.3 CRC 83.3 20 Ca calcium use 22.3 CRC 22.3 LNG 22.3 WEL 22.3 21 Sc scandium use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.2 CRC 10.2 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.6 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 15.3 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.2 LNG 10.2 WEL 10.2 22 Ti titanium use 8.6 CRC 8.6 LNG 8.6 WEL 8.6 23 V vanadium use 8.4 CRC 8.4 LNG 8.4 WEL 8.4 24 Cr chromium use 4.9 CRC 4.9 LNG 4.9 WEL 4.9 25 Mn manganese use 21.7 CRC 21.7 LNG 21.7 WEL 21.7 26 Fe iron use 11.8 CRC 11.8 LNG 11.8 WEL 11.8 27 Co cobalt use 13.0 CRC 13.0 LNG 13.0 WEL 13.0 28 Ni nickel use 13.4 CRC 13.4 LNG 13.4 WEL 13.4 29 Cu copper use 16.5 CRC 16.5 LNG 16.5 WEL 16.5 30 Zn zinc use 30.2 CRC 30.2 LNG 30.2 WEL 30.2 31 Ga gallium use CRC 18The value is highly anisotropic and temperature dependent, see LNG (>30 C) ( liquid) 120 WEL (>30 C) (liquid) 120 32 Ge germanium use 6.0 LNG 6.0 WEL 6 34 Se selenium use (amorphous) 37 LNG (amorphous) 37 38 Sr strontium use 22.5 CRC 22.5 LNG 22.5 WEL 22.5 39 Y yttrium use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.6 CRC 10.6 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 6.0 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 19.7 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.6 LNG 10.6 WEL 10.6 40 Zr zirconium use 5.7 CRC 5.7 LNG 5.7 WEL 5.7 41 Nb niobium use 7.3 CRC 7.3 LNG 7.3 WEL 7.3 42 Mo molybdenum use 4.8 CRC 4.8 LNG 4.8 WEL 4.8 44 Ru ruthenium use 6.4 CRC 6.4 LNG 6.4 WEL 6.4 45 Rh rhodium use 8.2 CRC 8.2 LNG 8.2 WEL 8.2 46 Pd palladium use 11.8 CRC 11.8 LNG 11.8 WEL 11.8 47 Ag silver use 18.9 CRC 18.9 LNG 18.9 WEL 18.9 48 Cd cadmium use 30.8 CRC 30.8 LNG 30.8 WEL 30.8 49 In indium use 32.1 CRC 32.1 LNG 32.1 WEL 32.1 50 Sn tin use 22.0 CRC 22.0 LNG 22.0 WEL 22 51 Sb antimony use 11.0 CRC 11.0 LNG 11.0 WEL 11 55 Cs caesium use 97 CRC 97 56 Ba barium use 20.6 CRC 20.6 LNG 20.6 WEL 20.6 57 La lanthanum use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.1 CRC 12.1 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 4.5 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 27.2 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.1 LNG 12.1 WEL 12.1 58 Ce cerium use (room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 6.3 CRC 6.3 CR2 (room temperature) (gamma, amorphous) 6.3 CR2 (room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 6.3 LNG 6.3 WEL 6.3 59 Pr praseodymium use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 6.7 CRC 6.7 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 4.5 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 11.2 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 6.7 LNG 6.7 WEL 6.7 60 Nd neodymium use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.6 CRC 9.6 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.6 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 13.5 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.6 LNG 9.6 WEL 9.6 61 Pm promethium use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) est. 11 CRC est. 11 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) est. 9 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) est. 16 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) est. 11 LNG est. 11 WEL 11 62 Sm samarium use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.7 CRC 12.7 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 9.6 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 19.0 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.7 LNG 12.7 WEL 12.7 63 Eu europium use (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 35.0 CRC 35.0 CR2 (room temperature) (amorphous) 35.0 CR2 (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 35.0 LNG 35.0 WEL 35 64 Gd gadolinium use (100 °C) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.4 CRC (100 °C) 9.4 CR2 (100 °C) (alpha, amorphous) 9.1 CR2 (100 °C) (alpha, crystalline) 10.0 CR2 (100 °C) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.4 LNG (100 °C) 9.4 WEL 9.4 65 Tb terbium use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.3 CRC 10.3 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 9.3 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 12.4 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.3 LNG 10.3 WEL 10.3 66 Dy dysprosium use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.9 CRC 9.9 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.1 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 15.6 CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.9 LNG 9.9 WEL 9.9 67 Ho holmium use (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 11.2 CRC 11.2 CR2 (room temperature) (amorphous) 7.0 CR2 (room temperature) (crystalline) 19.5 CR2 (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 11.2 LNG 11.2 WEL 11.2 68 Er erbium use (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 12.2 CRC 12.2 CR2 (room temperature) (amorphous) 7.9 CR2 (room temperature) (crystalline) 20.9 CR2 (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 12.2 LNG 12.2 WEL 12.2 69 Tm thulium use (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 13.3 CRC 13.3 CR2 (room temperature) (amorphous) 8.8 CR2 (room temperature) (crystalline) 22.2 CR2 (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 13.3 LNG 13.3 WEL 13.3 70 Yb ytterbium use (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 26.3 CRC 26.3 CR2 (room temperature) (beta, amorphous) 26.3 CR2 (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 26.3 LNG 26.3 WEL 26.3 71 Lu lutetium use (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 9.9 CRC 9.9 CR2 (room temperature) (amorphous) 4.8 CR2 (room temperature) (crystalline) 20.0 CR2 (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 9.9 LNG 9.9 WEL 9.9 72 Hf hafnium use 5.9 CRC 5.9 LNG 5.9 WEL 5.9 73 Ta tantalum use 6.3 CRC 6.3 LNG 6.3 WEL 6.3 74 W tungsten use 4.5 CRC 4.5 LNG 4.5 WEL 4.5 75 Re rhenium use 6.2 CRC 6.2 LNG 6.2 WEL 6.2 76 Os osmium use 5.1 CRC 5.1 LNG 5.1 WEL 5.1 77 Ir iridium use 6.4 CRC 6.4 LNG 6.4 WEL 6.4 78 Pt platinum use 8.8 CRC 8.8 LNG 8.8 WEL 8.8 79 Au gold use 14.2 CRC 14.2 LNG 14.2 WEL 14.2 80 Hg mercury use 60.4 CRC 60.4 81 Tl thallium use 29.9 CRC 29.9 LNG 29.9 WEL 29.9 82 Pb lead use 28.9 CRC 28.9 LNG 28.9 WEL 28.9 83 Bi bismuth use 13.4 CRC 13.4 LNG 13.4 WEL 13.4 84 Po polonium use 23.5 CRC 23.5 90 Th thorium use 11.0 CRC 11.0 LNG 11.1 WEL 11.0 92 U uranium use 13.9 CRC 13.9 LNG 13.9 WEL 13.9 94 Pu plutonium use 46.7 CRC 46.7 LNG 46.7

Notes All values refer to 25 °C unless noted.

References

CRC As quoted from this source in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 12, Properties of Solids; Thermal and Physical Properties of Pure Metals Touloukian, Y. S., Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 12, Thermal Expansion, IFI/Plenum, New York, 1975.

CR2 As quoted in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals which further refers to: Beaudry, B. J. and Gschneidner, K.A. Jr., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A. Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 173. McEwen, K.A., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A. Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 411.

LNG As quoted from this source in an online version of: J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4; Table 4.1, Electronic Configuration and Properties of the Elements Touloukian, Y. S., Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 12, Thermal Expansion, Plenum, New York, 1975.

WEL As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources: D.R. Lide, (Ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998. A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992. G.W.C. Kaye and T. H. Laby in Tables of physical and chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993. J.A. Dean (ed) in Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 14th edition, 1992.