The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniidae. They may also be known as "false katydids" (to distinguish them from the "true katydids") or "round-headed katydids".
The name Phaneropterinae is based upon the Old World genus Phaneroptera (type species P. falcata), meaning "visible wing"; this refers to the exposed tips of the inner wings seen in many species, although some genera, notably in the tribes Barbitistini and Odonturini have become brachypterous.
Description
The legs of individuals in this subfamily vary from genus to genus, but, as in nearly all Orthoptera, the posterior (rear) legs are adapted to leaping, and as such are always much longer than other legs. Phaneropterinae are generally well-camouflaged with green and brown colors being most prevalent, but there are exceptions including certain Aganacris and Scaphura that are Batesian mimics of wasps.
The Phaneropterinae are largely arboreal in habitat. The vast majority of species live in shrubs and trees, feeding on leaves and twigs. Some species might potentially cause significant damage, though usually superficial, when present in large numbers, but this is rare; they usually are solitary, unlike meadow grasshoppers, so much so that they seldom come to human notice.
The ovipositor and male genitalia vary according to the genus. The Phaneropterinae differ from other subfamilies of Tettigoniidae (and other Orthoptera) in their oviposition; their eggs are rarely deposited in the earth, but are either glued in double rows to twigs, or are inserted in the edges of leaves.
Nomenclature The subfamily Phaneropterinae was first erected in 1838 by German zoologist Hermann Burmeister as "Phaneropteridae"; long treated as a synonym, the Orthoptera Species File (OSF) now places Phaneropteridae as a supersubfamily, together with the similar subfamilies: Mecopodinae, Phyllophorinae and Pseudophyllinae.Orthoptera Species File: supersubfamily Phaneropteridae
Taxonomy , OSF lists the following tribes and genera: including a number of tribes elevated from subtribes and genus groups.
Acripezini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Australia Acripeza Guérin-Méneville, 1832 Ozphyllum
Acrometopini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Europe, the Middle East Acrometopa Altihoratosphaga Conchotopoda Horatosphaga Lamecosoma Peronura Peronurella Prosphaga Tenerasphaga
Aegimiini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Central and South America Aegimia Stål, 1874
Amblycoryphini Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 (synonym Amblycoryphae) – Americas, Africa
Anaulacomerini Authority: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Central and South America
Aniarellini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America
Anisophyini Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2026; distribution S. America
Barbitistini Auth.: Jacobson, 1905 – Europe to central Asia
Catoptropterigini Auth.: Massa, 2016 – Africa Catoptropteryx Karsch, 1890 Griffinipteryx Massa, 2016
Centroferini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America Centrofera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 Cosmophyllini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America, Madagascar, Australia
Dichopetalini Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2026 - North & central America
Ducetiini Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 (now incorporating Elimaeini ) – Africa, India, China, Indochina to Australia
Abaxisotima Agnapha Bulbistridulous Ducetia Ectadia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 Elimaea Stål, 1874 Kuwayamaea Noia Orthelimaea Karny, 1926 Paraducetia Paragnapha Prohimerta Shirakisotima Subibulbistridulous
Dysoniini
Auth.: Rehn, 1950 – tropical Americas
Dysmorphini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Malesia Dysmorpha Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Ectemnini Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – tropical Americas Ectemna Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 Euthyrrhachis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Ephippitythini Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878; distribution: mostly the Australasian realm, Vietnam
Alectoria superba in monotypic Alectoria Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1879 Caedicia Stål, 1874 Currimundria Rentz, Su & Ueshima, 2008 Diastella Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 Dicorypha Krauss, 1902 Ephippitytha Serville, 1838 Kurandoptera Rentz, Su & Ueshima, 2008 Polichne Stål, 1874 Protina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1879 Symmachis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 Torbia Walker, 1869
Eurypalpini Authority: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878; distribution: Eastern China, Vietnam, Sumatra, Australia Ceratopompa Karsch, 1890 Zulpha Walker, 1870
Holochlorini Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Asia-Pacific
Ancylecha Arantia Arnobia Calopsyra (includes subgenus Parapsyra ) Casigneta Cesasundana Dapanera Elbenia : includes subgenus Tamdaopteron Furnia Gonatoxia Holochlora Leucopodoptera Liotrachela Molpa Phaulula Phygela Poecilopsyra Pseudopsyra Psyrana Pulchrapsyra Rectimarginalis Ruidocollaris Sinochlora Stibaroptera Stictophaula Sympaestria Tapiena
Insarini Auth.: Rehn, & Hebard, 1914 – tropical & subtropical Americas
Arethaea Stål, 1876 Brachyinsara Rehn & Hebard, 1914 Insara Walker, 1869 Montezumina Hebard, 1925 Psilinsara Hebard, 1932
Isopserini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Eastern Africa, India, Indochina, Malesia Isopsera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 Pelerinus Bolívar, 1906 Pseudopyrrhizia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
Kevaniellini Auth.: Massa, 2017 – eastern Africa Kevaniella Chopard, 1954
Letanini Auth.: Hebard, 1922 – Asia Himertula Uvarov, 1940 Letana Walker, 1869
Leptoderini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Sri Lanka, Malesia Leptoderes Serville, 1838
Mirolliini Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Asia
Monticolariini - Central & E. Africa
Morgeniini Auth.: Karsch, 1890 - central and western Africa Mangomaloba Sjöstedt, 1902 Morgenia Karsch, 1890
Odonturini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Iberian peninsula, North Africa Odontura Odonturella
Otiaphysini Auth.: Karsch, 1889 - Africa Debrona Walker, 1870 (synonym Otiaphysa ) Drepanophyllum Karsch, 1890 (synonym Karschia ) Stenamblyphyllum Karsch, 1896 Tetraconcha Karsch, 1890
Pardalotini Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 - Africa Pardalota Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 Poecilogramma Karsch, 1887
Percynini Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – South America Percyna Grant, 1964 Sictuna Walker, 1869
Phaneropterini Auth.: Burmeister, 1838 – most continents, especially Africa
Phlaurocentrini Auth.: Karsch, 1889 – Africa
Buettneria Karsch, 1889 Leiodontocercus Chopard, 1954 Phlaurocentrum Karsch, 1889
Phyllopterini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Plagiopleurini Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America Diplophyllus Saussure, 1859 Parableta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 Plagiopleura Stål, 1873
Plangiopsidini Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa Plangiola Bolívar, 1906 Plangiopsis Karsch, 1889
Poreuomenini Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa Cestromoecha Karsch, 1893 Paraporeuomena Massa, 2018 Poreuomena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Preussiini Auth.: Karsch, 1890 – Africa Enochletica Karsch, 1896 Preussia Karsch, 1890 Weissenbornia Karsch, 1888
Pseudophaneropterini Pseudophaneroptera - Sri Lanka, Sumatra
Pycnopalpini
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 – Central and South America
Scambophyllini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Indochina, Malesia Scambophyllum Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Scaphurini Westwood, 1838 – South America Scaphura Kirby, 1825
Scudderiini Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas
Steirodontini Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas; 3 subtribes:
Microcentrina Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 (previously tribe Microcentrini) – Americas
Acropsis Apoballa Ischyra : includes subgenus Anapolisia, Caauara & Hyalipenna Lamprophyllum Lobophyllus Microcentrum : includes subgenus Boroseiyla Petaloptera Philophyllia Phoebolampta Raggophyllum Tropicophyllum : includes subgenus Capanema Tuaia : includes subgenus Capiguara Tukunha subtribe Steirodontina - subtropical and tropical Americas Cnemidophyllum Rehn, 1917 Coronophyllum Emsleyfolium Cadena-Castañeda, Mendes & Alves-Oliveira, 2016 Steirodon Serville, 1831 subtribe Stilpnochlorina Nicklephyllum Cadena-Castañeda, 2016 Problemovapex Stilpnochlora Syntechna
Taeniomenini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Australia Elephantodeta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 Tinzeda Walker, 1869
Terpnistrini Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Sri Lanka Diogena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 Gelotopoia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891 Terpnistria Stål, 1873 Terpnistrioides Ragge, 1980 Tropidophrys Karsch, 1896
Trachyzulphini
Auth.: Gorochov, 2014 – China, Indochina, Malesia Trachyzulpha Dohrn, 1892
Trigonocoryphini Auth.: Bei-Bienko, 1954 – Middle East, India, Malaysia Cosmozoma Karsch, 1889 Megotoessa Karsch, 1889 Trigonocorypha Stål, 1873
Turpiliini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Central America, Caribbean Turpilia Stål, 1874 Turpiliodes Hebard, 1932
Tylopsidini Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Europe, Middle East, western Asia
Tylopsis Fieber, 1853
Vossiini Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa, Asia
Zeuneriini
Auth.: Karsh, 1890 - tropical Africa Gravenreuthia Karsch, 1892 Horatosphaga Zeuneria
Incertae sedis
These genera have not been placed in a tribe:
References
External links