Radio Television Hong Kong (RTHK) is the public broadcasting service of Hong Kong. GOW, the predecessor to RTHK, was established in 1928 as the first broadcasting service in Hong Kong. As a government department under the Commerce and Economic Development Bureau of the Hong Kong Government directly supported by annual government funding, RTHK's educational, entertainment, and public affairs programmes are broadcast on its eight radio channels and five television channels, as well as commercial television channels.
History
The British Hong Kong Government launched its first radio broadcasting station, known as "GOW", on 20 June 1928, with a starting staff of only six people. Several name changes occurred over the next few years, and it eventually became known as "Radio Hong Kong" (RHK) () in 1948.
In 1949, broadcasting operations were taken over by the Government Information Services (GIS), but by 1954, RHK had managed to establish itself as an independent department. Up until 1966, the radio station was only on-air for three periods during the day; at morning, lunchtime, and evening. This was partly due to many of the presenters being part-time freelancers who had to fit their radio appearances in with their normal daily working schedule.
In 1969, the station's medium wave AM transmitting station was moved from a waterfront site in Hung Hom to the summit of Golden Hill in the New Territories. Although the new transmitters were much more powerful, the mountain-top site proved unsuitable for medium wave transmissions and reception in some areas has remained problematic ever since. In March 1969, RHK moved its headquarters to new purpose-built studios located at Broadcasting House () in Kowloon Tong.
A Public Affairs Television Unit was established in 1970 to produce TV programmes for required broadcast by independent channels. At that time, RHK did not have its own television broadcast transmitters.
In 1973, RHK set up its own radio newsroom. Prior to this, all news had been prepared by Government Information Services staff. Until 1969, headlines were sent to the studios every half-hour by teleprinter from the GIS headquarters in Central District, while the three daily full bulletins were hand-delivered by a messenger. This arrangement became impractical following the move to the new studios in 1969, so initially a GIS newsroom was set up in Broadcasting House. This arrangement also proved unsatisfactory and RHK's own journalists, who until then had been confined to producing magazine programmes, took over the entire news operation.
In 1976, the station's name was changed to "Radio Television Hong Kong" (RTHK) to reflect its new involvement in television programme production. In the same year, it began to produce educational television programmes for schools after absorbing the previously independent Educational Television Unit. The corporation started drawing plans to release video tapes of popular Hollywood movies for the emerging home video market in 1980, at a time when few Hong Kong families owned a VCR.
In 1986, RTHK headquarters moved across the road to the former Commercial Television studios, which were renamed Television House. The station's first news and financial news channel, Radio 7, was established in November 1989.
In December 1994, RTHK launched its website and made its television productions, as well as content from its seven radio channels, available online. The website provided live broadcasts as well as a twelve-month archive (with the exception of HKCEE and HKALE broadcasts in RTHK2 due to copyright issues with the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority). The website, presented in English, Traditional Chinese, and Simplified Chinese, initially offered free news via email three times per day, as well as online content.
In 2013, RTHK trialled and launched a new television channel. To support this new television operation, the government administration increased the station's funding by between HK$300 million and HK$400 million a year.
In April 2016, RTHK took over the analogue channel frequencies of Asia Television (ATV) after the latter's free television licence expired.
In March 2017, as the Hong Kong government decided to terminate DAB services in Hong Kong, RTHK said that it would integrate the existing DAB programmes into existing AM and FM radio channels. As the government claimed that RTHK would stop DAB service within six months, meaning DAB service would be terminated no later than 30 September 2017.Statement of Radio Television Hong Kong (RTHK) on the termination of Digital Audio Broadcasting services , RTHK, 28 March 2017
With the termination of DAB+ in Hong Kong, RTHK announced in August 2017 that the broadcaster's relay of BBC World Service on Radio 6 would be reduced to 8 hours a day and move to an overnight slot on Radio 4; Radio 6 would instead relay China National Radio's programme 14 which targets Hong Kong. CNR's programme 14 was previously heard on RTHK DAB 2 until DAB services in Hong Kong were shut down.National Radio to replace RTHK's BBC relay , RTHK, 11 August 2017Radio silence: 24-hour broadcast of BBC World Service dropped in Hong Kong , The Guardian, 13 August 2017
Since 2020, RTHK programmes are no longer broadcast on TVB channels. In February 2021 it announced it would cease entirely relaying BBC World Service radio broadcasts following Chinese government criticism of the BBC. Leung Ka-wing, Director of Broadcasting, said it was his decision to follow Beijing's lead in shutting off BBC, and that "Hong Kong is part of China and Radio Television Hong Kong is a department of the HKSAR Government. The decision has nothing to do with news operations."
2021 management change Following complaints from pro-Beijing politicians and groups for alleged bias against the police and the government, the government initiated a review of operations at the broadcaster. In February 2021, the Commerce and Economic Development Bureau issued a report on RTHK's governance and management at a press briefing in which the broadcaster was criticised as having "weak editorial accountability". It was further alleged in the report that there were no clear records of its decision-making process on controversial and sensitive matters, while complaints handling was said to lack "sufficient transparency." The government announced the Director of Broadcasting Leung Ka-wing would leave his post six months prior to the expiry of his contract, and that he would be replaced by incumbent Deputy Secretary for Home Affairs Patrick Li – a career civil servant without experience in broadcasting.
In August 2021, RTHK partnered with the mainland China Media Group, in a move that RTHK said was intended to strengthen "patriotism" in its programs.
Eddie Cheung took over as head of RTHK in October 2022. In November 2022, he said that "RTHK and other government departments, including the police, should cooperate seamlessly to serve citizens."
In June 2025, RTHK signed a memorandum of cooperation with state broadcaster Guangzhou TV. In September 2025, it signed a strategic memorandum of understanding with Guangxi Radio and Television, focusing on "telling China's story well."
Radio
Stations RTHK operates eight radio stations:
Station nameModulationFrequencyPrimary language(s)FeaturesRTHK Radio 1 FM (MHz) 92.6 (Mt. Gough), 94.4 (Kowloon Peak), 93.2 (Cloudy Hill), 93.4 (Castle Peak), 93.6 (Lamma Island), 92.9 (Golden Hill), 93.5 (Beacon Hill) Cantonese News and current affairs, information, phone-in programmes, and general programmesRTHK Radio 2 FM (MHz) 94.8 (Mt. Gough), 96.9 (Kowloon Peak), 95.3 (Cloudy Hill), 96.4 (Castle Peak), 96.0 (Lamma Island), 95.6 (Golden Hill), 96.3 (Beacon Hill) Cantonese (primary) Popular music (Cantonese), arts and culture, entertainment, family and community programmes RTHK Radio 3 AM FM (kHz) 567 (Golden Hill), 1584 (Chung Hum Kok) (MHz) 97.9 (Happy Valley, Jardine's Lookout, Park View Corner), 106.8 (HK South), 107.8 (Tseung Kwan O), 107.8 (Tin Shui Wai) English News, adult contemporary music, classic hits, oldies, information, economic, sports and education programmes officially similar and related to BBC Radio 4. RTHK Radio 4 FM (MHz) 97.6 (Mt. Gough), 98.9 (Kowloon Peak), 97.8 (Cloudy Hill), 98.7 (Castle Peak), 98.2 (Lamma Island), 98.4 (Golden Hill), 98.1 (Beacon Hill) English (primary) / Cantonese (secondary) Classical music and fine artsRTHK Radio 5 AM FM (kHz) 783 (Golden Hill) (MHz) 92.3 (Tin Shui Wai),95.2 (Happy Valley, Causeway Bay), 99.4 (Tseung Kwan O), 106.8 (Tuen Mun, Yuen Long) Cantonese Classic hits and oldies (Cantonese and English), Cantonese opera, elderly, cultural, education and children programmes RTHK Putonghua Channel AM FM (kHz) 621 (Golden Hill) (MHz) 100.9 (Happy Valley, Causeway Bay, Wan Chai, Tuen Mun North), 103.3 (Tseung Kwan O, Tin Shui Wai) Mandarin (primary) / other languages (secondary) News and finance, Community Involvement Broadcasting Service (CIBS) (community radio)China National Radio Voice of Hong Kong Channel AM (kHz) 675 (Peng Chau) Mandarin (primary) / Cantonese (secondary) 24-hour relay of China National Radio Voice of Hong Kong ChannelUntil 2017, it was a 24-hour relay of BBC World ServiceChina Media Group Radio The Greater Bay FM (MHz) 102.8 (Mt. Gough), 103.7 (Golden Hill), 104.4 (Beacon Hill) Cantonese (primary) / Mandarin (secondary) 24-hour relay of China Media Group Radio The Greater Bay
Radio programmes
RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards
Television
Channels RTHK operates five television channels: Channel (Digital)Channel nameContentsDate founded31RTHK TV 31A general channel offering diversified programmes on current affairs, education, information, arts and culture, and minority interests.13 January 2014 2 April 2016 32RTHK TV 32A live-event channel covering Legislative Council meetings and other important press conferences, news sports highlights and events of public interests13 January 2014 33RTHK TV 33At launch, it was a simulcast channel of what is now CGTN Documentary. On 29 May 2017, it began relaying the programmes of CCTV-1 13 January 2014 2 April 2016 34RTHK TV 34Simulcast of CGTN Documentary, a documentary channel broadcasting 24 hours a day in English1 July 2022 35RTHK TV 35Simulcast of CGTN, a news channel broadcasting 24 hours a day in English1 July 2023 The analogue television channels (TV31A and TV33A) ceased broadcasting on 30 November 2020.
A channel that dedicated to live coverage of 2024 Summer Olympics and the 2024 Summer Paralympics, RTHK TV 36, started test transmission on 24 June 2024 and began relaying sports programmes on 2 July. The channel was officially launched in time for the 2024 Summer Olympics opening ceremony. After the Olympics and Paralympics were ended, RTHK TV 36 ceased broadcasting on 1 November 2024.
Television programmes
Public affairs RTHK primarily produces public affairs programmes such as Hong Kong Connection (), Headliner (), A Week in Politics (), Media Watch (), Pentaprism (), Access (), The Pulse and Police Report (). These are also broadcast by Hong Kong's three commercial television channels, TVB, ViuTV and HKIBC, in addition to RTHK's own television network. The government has lifted the requirement since March 2020, therefore TVB no longer broadcasts them.
Dramas It has also produced TV dramas, including the classic Below the Lion Rock ().
ETV RTHK and the Hong Kong Education Bureau jointly produce Educational Television (ETV, ), a series of educational programmes for primary and secondary students – airing during non-peak hours on RTHK stations. ETV was first broadcast in 1971 for Primary 3 students and was extended to Primary 6 students in 1974. In 1978, it was extended to cover junior secondary (Form 1-Form 3) students. RTHK formerly broadcast these programmes on their stations during non-peak daytime hours.