Demographics of Turkey

Demographic features of the population of Turkey include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. Its estimated population was 86,092,168, of which 1,519,515 were foreign residents as of 31 December 2025, according to the Turkish Statistical Institute. This official population number excludes the registered Syrian refugees under temporary protection status which have a population of about 2.21 million as of 3 September 2026.

Turks are the largest ethnic group, comprising 70–75% of the population while Kurds are the second largest with 19%. The others, including Armenians, Arabs, Assyrians, Albanians, Bulgarians, Bosniaks, Circassians, Chechens, Crimean Tatars, Georgians, Greeks, Hemshins, Jews, Laz people, Pomaks, Rum, Russians, Romani and others make 6–11% of the population according to a 2016 estimate by the CIA.

The population has been aging in recent years, with just 20.4% falling in the 0–14 age bracket (down from 26.4% in 2007). The population over the age of 65 is 11.1% (up from 7.1% in 2007). the median age of the Turkish population is 34.9 years (up from 28.3 in 2007). According to OECD/World Bank population statistics, from 1990 to 2008 the population growth in Turkey was 16 million or 29%.CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Population 1971–2008 (pdf pages 83–85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010, p. 57.

Population Historical population

Urbanization

According to the CIA World Factbook Urban population: 77.5% of total population (2023) Rate of urbanization: 1.11% annual rate of change (2020–25 est.)

According to TURKSTAT Population of densely populated urban areas: 67.5% Population of intermediate density urban areas: 15.8% Population of rural areas: 16.8% (2025)

Age structure + Overview of the changing age distribution 1935–2025TurkStatYearTotal population(census;thousands)Population by age (%) 0–14 15–64 65+ 193516,158 194017,821 194518,790 195020,947 195524,065 196027,755 196531,391 197035,605 197540,348 198044,737 198550,664 199056,473 200067,804 201073,723 201578,741 202083,614 202586,092

Structure of the population

Structure of the population (20.10.1935): Age group Male Female Total Percent Total 7,936,512 8,220,938 16,157,450 100 0–4 1,431,441 1,297,472 2,728,913 16.89 5–9 1,211,031 1,127,759 2,338,790 14.47 10–14 848,909 745,981 1,594,890 9.87 15–19 558,702 485,865 1,044,567 6.47 20–24 749,196 640,153 1,389,349 8.60 25–29 621,971 721,286 1,343,257 8.31 30–34 584,496 642,051 1,226,547 7.59 35–39 486,505 509,582 996,087 6.16 40–44 323,676 473,948 797,624 4.94 45–49 242,922 314,860 557,782 3.45 50–54 225,781 384,373 610,154 3.78 55–59 162,193 195,231 357,424 2.21 60–64 175,346 297,375 472,721 2.93 65–69 100,249 104,966 205,215 1.27 70–74 90,665 125,877 216,542 1.34 75–79 36,289 37,970 74,259 0.46 80–84 31,267 49,176 80,443 0.50 85+ 20,376 31,206 51,582 0.32 Unknown 35,497 35,807 71,304 0.44

Age group Male Female Total Percent 0–14 3,491,381 3,171,212 6,662,593 41.23 15–64 4,130,788 4,664,724 8,795,512 54.44 65+ 278,846 349,195 628,041 3.89 Structure of the population (20.10.1940): Age group Male Female Total Percent Total 8,898,912 8,922,038 17,820,950 100 0–4 1,386,164 1,255,841 2,642,005 14.83 5–9 1,417,565 1,264,599 2,682,164 15.05 10–14 1,189,450 989,707 2,179,157 12.22 15–19 828,348 698,268 1,526,616 8.57 20–24 524,398 517,900 1,042,298 5.85 25–29 684,425 704,888 1,389,313 7.80 30–34 617,605 715,603 1,333,208 7.48 35–39 589,660 567,985 1,157,645 6.50 40–44 465,754 530,330 996,084 5.59 45–49 303,224 347,903 651,127 3.65 50–54 247,689 416,071 663,760 3.72 55–59 175,162 216,450 391,612 2.20 60–64 189,814 327,319 517,133 2.90 65–69 100,133 113,816 213,949 1.20 70–74 83,102 131,130 214,232 1.20 75–79 35,800 36,810 72,610 0.41 80–84 32,530 48,634 81,164 0.45 85+ 19,856 28,048 47,904 0.27 Unknown 8,233 10,736 18,969 0.11

Age group Male Female Total Percent 0–14 3,993,179 3,510,147 7,503,326 42.10 15–64 4,626,079 5,042,717 9,668,796 54.26 65+ 271,421 358,438 629,859 3.53 Structure of the population (22.10.1945): Age group Male Female Total Percent Total 9,446,580 9,343,594 18,790,174 100 0–4 1,286,705 1,184,799 2,471,504 13.15 5–9 1,348,446 1,242,281 2,590,727 13.79 10–14 1,284,952 1,074,080 2,359,032 12.56 15–19 1,048,701 931,461 1,980,162 10.54 20–24 789,205 691,680 1,480,885 7.88 25–29 484,328 619,069 1,103,397 5.87 30–34 731,283 699,657 1,430,940 7.61 35–39 607,377 578,390 1,185,767 6.31 40–44 542,301 558,000 1,100,301 5.86 45–49 401,379 378,499 779,878 4.15 50–54 282,856 434,107 716,963 3.82 55–59 171,162 219,398 390,560 2.08 60–64 199,908 349,207 549,115 2.92 65–69 98,664 124,606 223,270 1.19 70–74 80,007 132,964 212,971 1.13 75–79 30,422 38,852 69,274 0.37 80–84 28,838 46,220 75,058 0.40 85+ 18,752 27,218 45,970 0.24 Unknown 11,294 13,106 24,400 0.13

Age group Male Female Total Percent 0–14 3,920,103 3,501,160 7,421,263 39.50 15–64 5,258,500 5,459,468 10,717,968 57.04 65+ 256,683 369,860 626,543 3.33 Structure of the population (22.10.1950): Age group Male Female Total Percent Total 10,527,085 10,420,103 20,947,188 100 0–4 1,583,013 1,507,310 3,090,323 14.75 5–9 1,336,758 1,236,743 2,573,501 12.29 10–14 1,273,881 1,080,774 2,354,655 11.24 15–19 1,269,676 1,118,275 2,387,951 11.40 20–24 989,606 972,942 1,962,548 9.37 25–29 726,276 751,624 1,477,900 7.06 30–34 523,466 590,563 1,114,029 5.32 35–39 687,486 599,778 1,287,264 6.15 40–44 551,330 595,426 1,146,756 5.47 45–49 499,143 445,245 944,388 4.51 50–54 389,143 471,481 860,624 4.11 55–59 214,041 260,147 474,188 2.26 60–64 196,827 358,825 555,652 2.65 65–69 110,177 152,604 262,781 1.25 70–74 83,100 138,710 221,810 1.06 75–79 33,989 49,329 83,318 0.40 80–84 26,256 46,416 72,672 0.35 85+ 19,238 30,843 50,081 0.24 Unknown 13,679 13,068 26,747 0.12

Age group Male Female Total Percent 0–14 4,193,652 3,824,827 8,018,479 38.28 15–64 6,046,994 6,164,306 12,211,300 58.30 65+ 272,760 417,902 690,662 3.30 Structure of the population (23.10.1955): Age group Male Female Total Percent Total 12,233,421 11,831,342 24,064,763 100 0–4 1,982,328 1,876,385 3,858,713 16.03 5–9 1,674,361 1,559,521 3,233,882 13.44 10–14 1,293,749 1,088,876 2,382,625 9.90 15–19 1,246,288 1,086,401 2,332,689 9.69 20–24 1,208,312 1,109,352 2,317,664 9.63 25–29 957,994 1,020,047 1,978,041 8.22 30–34 747,870 730,128 1,477,998 6.14 35–39 518,633 525,015 1,043,648 4.34 40–44 665,731 620,561 1,286,292 5.34 45–49 524,193 472,397 996,590 4.14 50–54 504,577 527,370 1,031,947 4.29 55–59 326,719 308,300 635,019 2.64 60–64 242,673 386,672 629,345 2.62 65–69 126,235 172,553 298,788 1.24 70–74 98,303 170,945 269,248 1.12 75–79 42,539 61,169 103,708 0.43 80–84 31,408 58,663 90,071 0.38 85+ 22,219 38,374 60,593 0.25 Unknown 19,289 18,613 37,902 0.16

Age group Male Female Total Percent 0–14 4,950,438 4,524,782 9,475,220 39.37 15–64 6,942,990 6,786,243 13,729,233 57.05 65+ 320,704 501,704 822,408 3.42 Structure of the population (23.10.1960): Age group Male Female Total Percent Total 14,163,888 13,590,932 27,754,820 100 0–4 2,180,155 2,075,706 4,255,861 15.33 5–9 2,072,538 1,924,700 3,997,238 14.40 10–14 1,687,678 1,486,229 3,173,907 11.44 15–19 1,247,397 1,057,623 2,305,020 8.30 20–24 1,175,912 1,126,110 2,302,022 8.29 25–29 1,155,197 1,175,437 2,330,634 8.41 30–34 1,026,237 984,257 2,010,494 7.24 35–39 748,216 692,697 1,440,913 5.19 40–44 504,947 547,576 1,052,523 3.79 45–49 609,233 499,222 1,108,455 3.99 50–54 547,373 580,291 1,127,664 4.06 55–59 423,895 368,834 792,729 2.86 60–64 368,205 460,652 828,857 2.99 65–69 166,113 213,476 379,589 1.37 70–74 113,713 195,360 309,073 1.11 75–79 51,280 78,196 129,476 0.47 80–84 33,918 63,479 97,397 0.35 85+ 23,063 40,134 63,197 0.23 Unknown 28,818 20,953 49,771 0.18

Age group Male Female Total Percent 0–14 5,940,371 5,486,635 11,427,006 41.17 15–64 7,806,612 7,492,699 15,299,311 55.12 65+ 388,087 590,645 978,732 3.53 Structure of the population (24.10.1965): Age group Male Female Total Percent Total 15,996,964 15,394,457 31,391,421 100 0–4 2,355,040 2,262,030 4,617,070 14.71 5–9 2,414,482 2,249,520 4,664,002 14.86 10–14 2,057,427 1,810,125 3,867,552 12.32 15–19 1,545,911 1,364,144 2,910,055 9.27 20–24 1,210,980 1,133,156 2,344,136 7.47 25–29 1,054,909 1,161,156 2,216,065 7.06 30–34 1,138,450 1,134,571 2,273,021 7.24 35–39 997,446 934,713 1,932,159 6.15 40–44 704,595 676,864 1,381,459 4.40 45–49 445,457 429,623 875,080 2.79 50–54 612,093 590,947 1,203,040 3.83 55–59 449,480 415,150 864,630 2.75 60–64 452,705 501,500 954,205 3.04 65–69 257,812 271,173 528,985 1.69 70–74 145,636 220,745 366,381 1.17 75–79 60,950 94,624 155,574 0.49 80–84 41,187 78,089 119,276 0.38 85+ 24,419 47,890 72,309 0.23 Unknown 27,985 18,437 46,422 0.15

Age group Male Female Total Percent 0–14 6,826,949 6,321,675 13,148,624 41.89 15–64 8,612,026 8,341,824 16,953,850 54.00 65+ 530,004 712,521 1,242,525 3.96 Structure of the population (25.10.1970): Age group Male Female Total Percent Total 18,006,986 17,598,190 35,605,176 100 0–4 2,661,100 2,594,036 5,255,136 14.76 5–9 2,610,278 2,483,174 5,093,452 14.31 10–14 2,362,928 2,166,671 4,529,599 12.72 15–19 1,924,259 1,770,241 3,694,500 10.38 20–24 1,496,314 1,355,157 2,851,471 8.01 25–29 1,107,968 1,153,644 2,261,612 6.35 30–34 1,018,964 1,165,395 2,184,359 6.14 35–39 1,117,152 1,096,974 2,214,126 6.22 40–44 921,299 899,719 1,821,018 5.11 45–49 644,629 564,005 1,208,634 3.39 50–54 457,007 516,198 973,205 2.73 55–59 496,977 440,483 937,460 2.63 60–64 476,373 529,806 1,006,179 2.83 65–69 321,562 319,282 640,844 1.80 70–74 220,832 265,442 486,274 1.37 75–79 82,070 109,591 191,661 0.54 80–84 48.152 90.847 138.999 0.39 85+ 35,191 72,727 107,918 0.30 Unknown 3,931 4,798 8,729 0.02

Age group Male Female Total Percent 0–14 7,634,306 7,243,881 14,878,187 41.79 15–64 9,660,942 9,491,622 19,152,564 53.79 65+ 707,807 857,889 1,565,696 4.40 Structure of the population (26.10.1975): Age group Male Female Total Percent Total 20,744,730 19,602,989 40,347,719 100 0–4 2,917,451 2,783,798 5,701,249 14.13 5–9 2,759,820 2,620,295 5,380,115 13.34 10–14 2,800,002 2,448,837 5,248,839 13.00 15–19 2,232,561 2,031,938 4,264,499 10.57 20–24 1,857,634 1,674,510 3,532,144 8.75 25–29 1,486,652 1,346,030 2,832,682 7.02 30–34 1,178,669 1,116,102 2,294,771 5.69 35–39 1,040,829 1,098,730 2,139,559 5.30 40–44 1,091,915 1,054,284 2,146,199 5.32 45–49 881,215 802,470 1,683,685 4.17 50–54 676,681 664,996 1,341,677 3.33 55–59 382,853 384,295 767,148 1.90 60–64 535,532 548,341 1,083,873 2.69 65–69 322,443 356,949 679,392 1.68 70–74 275,674 320,062 595,736 1.48 75–79 119,728 138,791 258,519 0.64 80–84 79,297 110,363 189,660 0.47 85+ 53,510 76,434 129,944 0.32 Unknown 52,264 25,764 78,028 0.20

Age group Male Female Total Percent 0–14 8,477,273 7,852,930 16,330,203 40.47 15–64 11,364,541 10,721,696 22,086,237 54.74 65+ 850,652 1,002,599 1,853,251 4.59 Structure of the population (12.10.1980): Age group Male Female Total Percent Total 22,695,362 22,041,595 44,736,957 100 0–4 3,050,769 2,909,854 5,960,623 13.32 5–9 3,062,668 2,907,808 5,970,476 13.35 10–14 2,869,879 2,632,934 5,502,813 12.30 15–19 2,562,865 2,404,442 4,967,307 11.10 20–24 2,073,844 1,975,835 4,049,679 9.05 25–29 1,719,161 1,656,165 3,375,326 7.54 30–34 1,373,541 1,321,174 2,694,715 6.02 35–39 1,078,798 1,119,283 2,198,081 4.91 40–44 988,818 1,068,128 2,056,946 4.60 45–49 1,043,459 964,296 2,007,755 4.49 50–54 862,109 867,151 1,729,260 3.87 55–59 592,130 558,498 1,150,628 2.58 60–64 375,309 417,352 792,661 1.77 65–69 413,324 450,580 863,904 1.93 70–74 264,433 328,480 592,913 1.33 75–79 161,282 187,299 348,581 0.78 80–84 81,037 119,321 200,358 0.45 85+ 35,284 72,207 107,491 0.24 Unknown 86,652 80,788 167,440 0.37

Age group Male Female Total Percent 0–14 8,983,316 8,450,596 17,433,912 38.97 15–64 12,670,034 12,352,324 25,022,358 55.93 65+ 955,360 1,157,887 2,113,247 4.73